Animal husbandry is a business older than 7000 years. In ancient time, the legacy of the patriarchs and the description of the cow in various books and articles introduces the grand civilization. “Bose Indicus” (with hump) refers to the Cow-breed in the culture of “Mohenjo-daro” and “Boss Torus” (without humpback) cow-breed has been mentioned in ancient European culture. Today’s cow had produced from “boss torsus” (without humdrum) and “boss indices” (humble). “Bose Indicus” (with hump) Cow-breed is also known as “Zebu”. It has been observed in various research as it has been practiced for 4000 years before, in Afghanistan, Sindh and Baluchistan. In India, this Zebu Cow-breed was brought by the Arya 2000 to 1500 years ago. This is believed to have spread to various parts of the country along with the Arya. Indian cow-breed has a hump. And this cow-breed has a strong body structure suitable to the climate and the conditions. Indian cow-breed easily adapt to warmer environments, which is due to presence of a large number of prostate gland below its skin. These glands give resistance to heat and various diseases.
In India, Shahiwal, Red Sindh, Guru, Thripar and Rathi – are the milk giving cow breeds. On the other hand, Kankrej, Krishnavelli, Mewati, Ongole, Debi and Hariani are two-purpose cow-breeds. Dual-purpose breeds give milk in good quantity but the oxen of these breeds have good load carrying capacity. Apart from these, Amritamalal, Bachur, Nagori, Dangi, etc. breeds of the cows give not so much quantity of the milk, but the bulls are so strong, that they are very effective in load-carrying and-farm ploughing.
India is the highest milk producing country in the world. But out of the total milk production, contribution of the original breeds of the cows is less than 25%. Country has ~24% of the cows belonging to the original pure breed. Due to lack of breeding infrastructure and by cross breeding of the original pure breed of cows with the jerseys and HF breeds, a large number of hybrid species are found there in existence. Gir and Kankaraj have been the center of attraction for the past two centuries in the world’s coworkers and dairy industries. The South American Countries (Brazil, Venezuela, Argentina, Maxico, Columbia, etc.) are prioritizing the original pure Indian breeds of the cows as against the European breeds of the cows, because the Indian breeds are of more profitable in nature and hence strengthening the country’s economy.
